The effects of general anesthetics on norepinephrine release from isolated rat cortical nerve terminals.

TitleThe effects of general anesthetics on norepinephrine release from isolated rat cortical nerve terminals.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2002
AuthorsPashkov VN, Hemmings HC
JournalAnesth Analg
Volume95
Issue5
Pagination1274-81, table of contents
Date Published2002 Nov
ISSN0003-2999
KeywordsAdjuvants, Anesthesia, Anesthetics, Dissociative, Anesthetics, General, Anesthetics, Inhalation, Anesthetics, Intravenous, Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Egtazic Acid, Etomidate, Halothane, In Vitro Techniques, Ketamine, Nerve Endings, Norepinephrine, Pentobarbital, Potassium Chloride, Propofol, Rats, Receptors, Presynaptic, Synaptic Transmission, Synaptosomes
Abstract

UNLABELLED: Intravenous and volatile general anesthetics inhibit norepinephrine (NE) release from sympathetic neurons and other neurosecretory cells. However, the actions of general anesthetics on NE release from central nervous system (CNS) neurons are unclear. We investigated the effects of representative IV and volatile anesthetics on [(3)H]NE release from isolated rat cortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Purified synaptosomes prepared from rat cerebral cortex were preloaded with [(3)H]NE and superfused with buffer containing pargyline (a monoamine oxidase inhibitor) and ascorbic acid (an antioxidant). Basal (spontaneous) and stimulus-evoked [(3)H]NE release was evaluated in the superfusate in the absence or presence of various anesthetics. Depolarization with increased concentrations of KCl (15-20 mM) or 4-aminopyridine (0.5-1.0 mM) evoked concentration- and Ca(2+)-dependent increases in [(3)H]NE release from rat cortical synaptosomes. The IV anesthetics etomidate (5-40 microM), ketamine (5-30 microM), or pentobarbital (25-100 microM) did not affect basal or stimulus-evoked [(3)H]NE release. Propofol (5-40 microM) increased basal [(3)H]NE release and, at larger concentrations, reduced stimulus-evoked release. The volatile anesthetic halothane (0.15-0.70 mM) increased basal [(3)H]NE release, but did not affect stimulus-evoked release. These findings demonstrate drug-specific stimulation of basal NE release. Noradrenergic transmission may represent a presynaptic target for selected general anesthetics in the CNS. Given the contrasting effects of general anesthetics on the release of other CNS transmitters, the presynaptic actions of general anesthetics are both drug- and transmitter-specific.

IMPLICATIONS: General anesthetics affect synaptic transmission both by altering neurotransmitter release and by modulating postsynaptic responses to transmitter. Anesthetics exert both drug-specific and transmitter-specific effects on transmitter release: therapeutic concentrations of some anesthetics stimulate basal, but not evoked, norepinephrine release, in contrast to evoked glutamate release, which is inhibited.

DOI10.1097/00000539-200211000-00032
Alternate JournalAnesth Analg
PubMed ID12401610
Grant ListGM 58055 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States